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According
to the dictionary definition, dependency refers
to a submissive, obedient state characterized by
the loss of personal freedom.
Many people believe that their
main goal in life is to live a pleasant, easy and
active life, to achieve a "good" social
status that satisfies their expectation and of
those around them, and to control their life and
psychological mental state.
A mixture of these goals can lead to dependency.
A general rule says that if a behaviour
is followed by a pleasant outcome, this behaviour
will be repeated in the future.
From a psychological point
of view,
dependency refers to an excessive, abnormal and
harmful behavior.
It
might sound unbelievable, but almost all human
activities - such as working, feeding, sex,
collecting valuable materials, taking pills,
drinking alcohol , and taking drugs can turn into
a dependency.
Usually,
the term dependency is only used to
define those behaviours that can cause
a loss of personal
freedom by affecting the person's
judgment. Even when the person
starts is realising that their behaviour
represents a serious problem that affects
them and the people around them, they
will still continue to behave the same.
These behaviours are similar with
obsessive or manic behaviors, and can
lead to personal dignity injuries.
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Once a person loses their freedom,
their personality slowly and insidiously changes.
A self-dilusional reality is created by the
addict through lies and twisted explanations that
protect the person from losing the their
self-esteem and other peoples' respect, therefore
stops the addict from becoming aware of these
changes.
Many people do not like to be
called substance dependents, because this term is
perceived throught its negative
connotation. Personal freedom, self-determination,
self-control, being a
efficient member of the society, and being
healthy are few of the most valuable
traits. As long as a person is dedicated to their
personal pleasures and pasions without losing
their health, social status, or the ability to
work, they will not be classified as substance
addicts. This term (substance addict) is only
used when the values mentioned above are
impaired, the person's life perspectives and
interests narrow, and the addictive behaviour
becomes dominant (without being followed by its
initial satisfaction). Finally, tge person
discovers that drinking offers no satisfaction. A
similar situation is faced by an workoholic (a
person who is works abusively) who continues to
work excessively even when they have lost the
interest on the work related results and success.
The inner dynamic of dependency leads to a
progressive incapacity to perceive pleasure and a
general loss of life appetite.
There are two types of
dependences: physical dependency and
psychological dependency.
Physical dependency
is caused by the constant, frequent and abusive
consumption of harmful substances. The body
adjusts to these substances causing an increased
tolerance. In this state, the body needs the
substance to function normally.
Physical dependency occurs when the addict stops
using the substance, and is characterized bythe
occurance of withdrawal syndrome (unpleasant
physical symptoms). Therefore, the body will
function normally only when the person returns to
the use the substance.
We can talk about a psychological
dependency when the person displays an
inner desire and an obsessive need to consume the
harmful substance in order to achieve pleasurable
outcomes or to avoid discomfort.
A psychological dependent uses that substance to
obtain a comfortable psychological state and to
cope with stressful situation and low moods. When
the addict cannot consume the substance, they
experience uncomfortable feelings (even fear).
Psychohogical and physical
dependency can develop independently.
Each individual that develops an
addicted displays a typical, unhealthy and
disfunctional emotional, cognitive, and
behavioral patterns long before the actual onset
of the dependency. When the dependency develops,
decisive for it's onset is the person's need to
use the substance in order to achieve certain
pleasurable outcomes, and not the actual use of
drugs.
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